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degenerative disc disease
Degeneration of one or more intervertebral disc(s) of the spine, often called "degenerative disc disease" (DDD) or "degenerative disc disorder," is a pathologic process of uncertain etiology that may cause acute or chronic low back pain. The typical radiographic findings in DDD are disc space narrowing, vacuum disc, end plate sclerosis, and osteophyte formation.〔https://books.google.ca/books?id=9UuAWD2FTFsC&pg=PA67&dq=%22Degenerative+disc+disease+is+a%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=XwQ_VfO_JYifyQT9pYGIBw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22Degenerative%20disc%20disease%20is%20a%22&f=false〕 DDD can greatly affect the sufferer's quality of life. Disc degeneration is a disease of aging, and though for most people is not a problem, in certain individuals a degenerated disc can cause severe chronic pain if left untreated.
==Signs and symptoms==
With symptomatic degenerative disc disease, chronic low back pain sometimes radiates to the hips, or there is pain in the buttocks or thighs while walking; sporadic tingling or weakness through the knees, hands, and fingers may also be evident. Similar pain may be felt or may increase while sitting, bending, lifting, and twisting. Chronic neck pain can also come from the cervical spine, with pain radiating to the head, shoulders, arms and hands.
After an injury, some discs become painful because of inflammation and the pain comes and goes. Some people have nerve endings that penetrate more deeply into the anulus fibrosus (outer layer of the disc) than others, making discs more susceptible to becoming a source of pain. The scientific community has the opinion that the healing process involved in the repair of trauma to the outer anulus fibrosus results in the innervation of the resultant scar tissue, and subsequent pain in the disc, as these nerves become inflamed by nucleus pulposus material. Degenerative disc disease can lead to a chronic debilitating condition and can have a serious negative impact on a person's quality of life. When pain from degenerative disc disease is severe, traditional nonoperative treatment may be ineffective.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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